home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=94TT0038>
- <title>
- Jan. 17, 1994: The Breast Cancer Gene
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jan. 17, 1994 Genetics:The Future Is Now
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 52
- The Breast Cancer Gene:A Woman's Dilemma
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Larry Thompson/Washington
- </p>
- <p> Cancer stalks the women in Anna Fisher's family. Her grandmother
- died of "female cancer"--probably ovarian--in the 1940s.
- When Fisher was five, her mother developed breast cancer. After
- having a mastectomy, the mother survived for a decade, only
- to die from cancer originating in the other breast. Fisher also
- has a maternal aunt who had ovarian tumors, and five cousins
- contracted breast cancer. Malignancy is simply part of her pedigree.
- </p>
- <p> So it was no big surprise, though still a shock, when in 1990
- doctors found she had ovarian cancer. Thanks to aggressive surgery
- and intensive chemotherapy, Fisher, a 41-year-old dietitian
- living in Pittsburg, California, made a remarkable recovery
- and became tumor-free. But she knew her future was still menacing.
- Scientists had recognized for several years that ovarian and
- breast cancer sometimes ran together in families, as if linked
- in some way. Fisher's oncologist proposed a once unthinkable
- step: a "prophylactic" double mastectomy. Removing her breasts,
- the doctor said, could save her life.
- </p>
- <p> At first Fisher would not even consider it. "I always lived
- in fear of getting breast cancer because most of the women in
- my family got it," she said. "But I was too busy trying to survive
- ovarian cancer to think about breast cancer." Too busy until
- she read about the work of Mary-Claire King, the University
- of California, Berkeley, geneticist who is searching for the
- gene that causes the inherited form of breast cancer and also
- increases the risk of ovarian cancer.
- </p>
- <p> In a stunning announcement three years ago, King unveiled evidence
- that such a rogue gene exists. By analyzing chromosomes from
- women in families repeatedly hit by cancer, the scientist discovered
- that the victims shared on chromosome 17 a pattern of genetic
- markers--stretches of identical DNA--not found in those
- free of the disease. This did not mean that the markers caused
- cancer but that the gene responsible lurked somewhere nearby
- on the same chromosome.
- </p>
- <p> After joining King's study group, Fisher learned that she carried
- the telltale pattern of markers. The agonizing question: What
- should she do? Huge numbers of women will eventually face the
- same dilemma. The inherited form of breast cancer accounts for
- 5% to 10% of cases, says King, meaning that "there might be
- half a million women who either already have or will develop
- the disease because of this gene." Carriers have an 85% chance
- of getting breast cancer by age 65.
- </p>
- <p> King's research set off a race among many laboratories to pinpoint
- the location of the gene. Having joined forces with famed gene
- hunter Dr. Francis Collins, King hopes to track down the culprit
- within the next few months. That would lead to a simple blood
- test for the presence of the gene.
- </p>
- <p> But not to simple answers about what to do. Should women with
- the gene have mastectomies quickly or should they have frequent
- mammograms to detect cancer early? Neither choice is foolproof,
- and no studies of survival rates have been completed. "The literature
- is full of anecdotal reports of women who had breast cancer
- even after prophylactic surgery," says King. "If a woman has
- a mastectomy, she is doing it based on common sense and logic,
- not on statistical proof."
- </p>
- <p> Fisher's common sense told her that her breasts posed too great
- a risk, and she had them removed the week before Thanksgiving.
- "I did the best that I could to prevent breast cancer," she
- says. "I hope it will be enough."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-